Currently, it is the oldest emerald in the Hepu Cultural Museum in Hepu, Guangxi. It has been identified by two high-tech instruments of the Science and Technology Archaeology Center of the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It has been mistaken for crystals for more than 20 years. The results of this appraisal pushed the era of emeralds unearthed in China at least about 1200 years ago, and also contributed new evidence for the trade of the "Maritime Silk Road." The Hepu Han Dynasty Cultural Museum, formerly known as the Hepu County Museum, is the only museum in Guangxi that is dominated by Chinese culture. The building has imitation Han Dynasty style buildings such as Hanshiyu Gate, Han Tomb Protection Exhibition Hall and Main Center Cultural Relics Exhibition Hall. It collects, researches, repairs and displays the cultural relics unearthed from Hepu Han Tomb, and also preserves local cultural relics. There are more than 5,200 pieces of cultural relics in the collection, 21 pieces of first-class cultural relics, 177 second-class cultural relics, and 289 third-level cultural relics. In Guangxi, the number of first-class cultural relics is second only to the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Museum. The cultural relics span from the late Neolithic period to the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, and the Republic of China, as well as important contemporary artifacts. According to the person in charge of the Archaeological Center of the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the cultural relics submitted for this inspection are six strings of ornaments that were previously identified as crystals in the museum. They are embedded with 72 gems in various colors, mostly transparent or translucent. They were all unearthed in the 1990s, and the land sites include four ancient Han Dynasty tombs in Huangnigang in the early Eastern Han Dynasty and Lianzhou Town in the late Western Han Dynasty. This time, the scientists at the Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics came to the museum with two portable instruments, the "X-ray fluorescence analyzer" and the "Raman spectrometer", and "identified" the jewelry on the jewelry one by one. It has been identified that among the 72 gems on the six strings, only 28 are veritable crystals, and 36 are beryl gemstones (including 16 aquamarines, 8 gold emeralds, and 12 translucent emeralds). The rest are iron-aluminum garnet, potassium silicate glass and the like. Why is the result so different from the previous identification? The researchers believe that this is related to the identification technology at the time. Cultural relics and archaeologists are good at traditional "eyes" methods, based on years of accumulated mastery of the laws governing the evolution of cultural relics, such as the look at the porcelain in the identification of porcelain, glaze, and viewer type. The fundamental difference between gemstones is chemical composition, not appearance. Even if the appearance is similar, the internal chemical components may be quite different, and the difference in this element is hard to detect by the naked eye. “The X-ray fluorescence analyzer can provide a rigorous 'elemental map' for the gemstone. The Raman spectrometer reflects the molecular structure of the cultural relics through the 'Raman characteristic peak', which can be quickly grasped by combining the two aspects of information. The 'real identity' of the cultural relics." The person in charge said that the hardness of crystal and beryl gemstones is similar, the Mohs hardness is about 7, similar to the hardness of human teeth, the similarity of color and transparency, so both Very confusing. But for the instrument, the beryl gemstone is a bismuth-aluminum silicate mineral and the crystal is a silica, which is quite different. Emerald is actually a kind of beryl. The beryl is generally hexagonal in shape and is known in light blue-green, including aquamarine, gold emerald, etc. Among them, emerald is the most rare. According to reports, the beryl gemstone with perfect crystal form in China is relatively rare, so the beryl gemstone identified this time is especially precious. After searching the relevant literature, it was found that the earliest record of the unearthed gemstones in China was the gold emeralds of the Ming Dynasty, which were unearthed in Hubei Province. Therefore, based on this, it can be concluded that the beryl gemstone identified this time is the oldest beryl gemstone unearthed in China. The person in charge of the Hanpu Cultural Museum in Hepu, Guangxi, said that the museum has begun to correct the relevant information, and this discovery also pointed out the direction for the next trace of the source of the bead. In ancient China, there was a long tradition of jade culture, while ancient India and Southeast Asia preferred gemstones of various colors, and the Hepu area was the originating port of the ancient "Maritime Silk Road" in China. It is generally concluded that most gemstone jewelry should pass " The Maritime Silk Road is imported from South Asia or Southeast Asia. As the science and technology archaeology reflects the unique identification charm in this appraisal, the museum will also use this technology to carry out a comprehensive “re-examination†of the collection of cultural relics. 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