0雍振华1956-) Male, Shanghai native, associate professor, master.

So that people can feel or see things around. The light of the ambient lighting should be soft and diffuse throughout the space, with a romantic atmosphere. Therefore, it is usually necessary to eliminate specific light source points, such as uniform, soft reflected light generated by throwing light onto a uniform wall surface, or ground light, fiber optics, neon light, etc., to form scattered light that is filled with a specific area.

Safety lighting: In order to ensure the safety of night gardening and viewing, it is necessary to set lights in the square, garden road, waterside, stairs, etc., so that people can clearly see the obstacles around the height; under the corners, eaves, and trees Arranging the right lighting gives you a sense of security. The light of a safe illumination generally requires continuous, uniform, and a certain brightness. The illumination can be an independent light source or can be used in conjunction with other lighting, but care must be taken not to interfere with each other.

2 The artistic requirements of garden lighting are to highlight the characteristics of the landscape, and the use of lighting must be different. The form of illumination in the garden green space is roughly the following ".%" venue lighting. The various squares in the garden are the places where people gather. The setting of the lights should take into account the characteristics of people's activities. Select high-intensity direct shooting around the square. The light source can make the light in the venue sufficient for people's activities. If the square is large, and there is no wish to have the light pole obstruction, the appropriate number of ground lights can be arranged according to the lighting requirements and the designed lighting art characteristics. As a supplement, the site lighting is usually set according to the requirements of work lighting or safety lighting. In the square with special activity requirements, some light sources such as spotlights should be arranged for use in the event.

2) Road lighting. There are many types of garden roads, and different garden roads have different requirements for lighting. For the main roads and secondary roads where there may be vehicles in the garden, it is necessary to use a uniform brightness with uniform brightness according to the requirements of safety lighting, so that some vehicles and pedestrians can accurately determine the road conditions; In addition to illuminating the road, it also hopes to create a quiet and peaceful atmosphere, so that it can be blended into soft light with ambient lighting. Road lighting with low pole lights should avoid direct lighting, usually with a hood with a hood to shield the light above the line of sight; or use a milky white cover to convert it into a scattered light source. ) Architectural lighting. Buildings generally have a dominant position in the gardens. In order to make the beautiful architectural styles appear in the night sky, in the past, mainly using spotlights and searchlights, floodlighting has been widely used. In order to highlight and display its special outline, and to weaken its own details, it is usually placed in the edge of the building with neon lights or strings of incandescent lights to form a building outline light. It can also be used with a precise light-contoured spotlight. The shape that needs to be expressed is only outlined by light, so that the rest is kept in the dark color and separated from the back background, which has a significant effect on the setting atmosphere. In addition to the use of general lighting, the lighting in the building can also be used in traditional palace lanterns and lanterns. For example, in classical gardens, landscapes and modern lighting styles may not be well coordinated, and traditional lighting fixtures with beautiful appearance should be chosen.

Plant lighting. Light through the branches and leaves of the flowers and trees will cast a mottled light and shadow, using low illuminators hidden in the trees to combine the shadows with the illuminated flowers and trees. The specific area is gorgeous and gorgeous due to the glare, and the mysterious atmosphere is often under the shadow. Use different lighting combinations to emphasize the texture or mystery of the plants in the garden).

One of the most exciting aspects of plant lighting design is the “moonlight effect” lighting concept, which stems from the illusions that people shine on the bright moon. The lamps are placed between the branches. Projecting light onto the garden road and flower beds creates a mottled light that resembles the moonlight, which triggers a wonderful imagination.

Waterscape lighting. The water will bring joy to people. In the night, the lake, the pool and the fountain will be illuminated by lights, which will make people feel another feeling. Large fountains use red, orange, blue and green light to create a cheerful atmosphere; small pools use more natural light to make people feel intimate, but amber light turns the water yellow. It looks dirty and can be corrected with a blue light filter to map the water into a blue color to give a refreshing, crisp feeling.

The position of the lighting fixtures for waterscape lighting needs to be carefully considered. The light fixtures above the water surface should be hidden in the flowers or on the side of the pool or on the side of the building, that is, the light source should be facing away from the tourists to avoid glare. The lamps in the falling water and waterfall can be installed under the water flow, which not only hides the lamps, but also illuminates the turbulent water, which becomes very vivid 2). The static pool uses underwater lighting, which may become dim due to the influence of algae in the pool, or make the algae look like a whole, making the water look dirty. The ideal method is to raise the fixture so that it is close to the surface. Increase the number of lamps to illuminate the surrounding flowers and rocks to form a reflection, or treat the still water as a reflective pool.

Other lighting: In addition to the above-mentioned lighting, there are color floodlights such as pools and fountains, laser beams that are directed to the water curtain, a large number of advertising light boxes in the park, etc. Lighting function, it is better to say that more is the embellishment of the night scene. With the emergence of a large number of new lamps, not only will there be more choices for future garden lights, but the night scenes it will make will be more beautiful.

3 Lighting in garden lighting The lighting design in the garden is a very delicate work. It needs to be carefully considered from the artistic point of view. Just like painting, the details and differences such as shape, texture, color and even texture should be accurately expressed. To achieve a beautiful, peaceful and completely different artistic realm from the day. As with other art designs, the use of lighting should be rich and varied.

For the sculptures, sketches and beautiful trees, the spotlights can be used for accent lighting, and the projection of the concentrated light can make the image of the illuminated objects stand out. Just like every exhibit in the art gallery, the small changes that need to be emphasized are fully displayed under the influence of light, and some plots that do not want to be noticed are diluted or even concealed. The same is true for the spotlight illumination in the garden. The light with high brightness and strong directionality highlights the light and shade of the scene, attracting people's attention with a more vivid image, making it the main body in the night. It is precisely because of the strong sense of subjectivity generated by spotlighting, so it should be used as little as possible in a certain area to distinguish the primary and secondary.

Contour lighting is suitable for architecture and essays, as well as for deciduous trees, especially in winter. That is, the trees are in the dark, and the walls behind the trees are illuminated by uniform, soft light, creating a contrast of light and shadow. The lighting of the wall should be low-voltage, long-life fluorescent lamps, and the cool-colored backlights set off the silhouette of the branches of the trees to give a sense of coldness and tranquility. In front of the right wall is a bamboo, then the swaying green bamboo leaves are like a traditional Chinese ink painting).

To show the sculptural texture of trees, you can also use uplighting. That is, using a buried lamp or fixing the luminaire to the ground, and illuminating upwards, unlike the concentrating illumination, the light of the upper illuminating need not be too strong, and the illuminating part does not have to be too concentrated. Due to the troublesome maintenance and adjustment of the buried lamp, it is usually used for some large trees or ground-mounted directional floodlights, which can be used as lighting fixtures for small trees and shrubs, so that the lamps can be adjusted at any time as the small trees grow. The location and lighting.

The light can be used to make the light show an umbrella-like illumination area. The light that is sprayed on the ground is also very soft, which gives people a feeling of cohesion and comfort. Therefore, it is suitable for places where people can do outdoor activities, such as terraces, squares and courtyards. Wait. Use high-bar luminaires or other luminaires to mount on the crevices of the building and on the branches of the trees, so that the light can pour from top to bottom, forming a centripetal space within a specific area. If you hold some small activities in it, or arrange tables and chairs for the tourists to sit down, the traditional ink paintings feel particularly warm and pleasant.

One of the most natural ways to illuminate outdoor spaces is moonlight. With the clever arrangement of the lamps, it is possible to achieve a moonlight effect. Fix the luminaire in a suitable position on the tree, partially illuminate downwards, and cast the shadow of the foliage on the ground; a part of it illuminates upwards to illuminate the leaves. This will create a mottled light and shadow, swaying with the wind, similar to the effect of the full moon.

The lighting design of the Park Road can also be treated artistically, with low illuminators on both sides of the road, so that the sidewalks and driveways are surrounded by rhythmic lights, just like the airport runway. This effect is more pronounced when using a lamp with a tower-shaped lampshade, and a mushroom lamp can also achieve a similar effect. They do not attract attention when they project the light down. If combined with an additional ambient light source, the effect will be better.

Safety lighting in park green spaces is irreplaceable for other lighting, because people only have a sense of security after seeing the surrounding situation. If people can't see the obstacles or defects in front of the road, they may cause harm. Without the wall and corner under the shade of the necessary lighting, people often have inexplicable fears because they can't see the situation there. Of course, for landscaping, safety lighting is only a functional light, and where possible, should be combined with other lighting, and if used alone, care must be taken not to interfere with other lighting.

In the garden lighting design, it is necessary to avoid the following problems: random replacement of the light source type will affect the original design effect to a certain extent; lighting the flowers and trees with colored lights sometimes makes the plants look unreal; let the plants grow in the vicinity of the lamps to block Light; garbage debris scattered on the ground lamp or the upward projection of the light source will block the light, so that the design effect is greatly reduced; the light source is too strong to stimulate the human eye, making it difficult to see the surrounding things; the proportion of the lamp will be out of adjustment It makes people feel uncomfortable.

4 garden lighting design points The design of garden lighting and the choice of lamps should be thoroughly and carefully examined before design. Careful observation of the surrounding space during the day can be made to determine where it is suitable for the installation of the luminaire and to consider which lighting method best highlights the night scene. As with other landscape designs, landscape lighting also takes into account local and overall relationships. The proper position of the lighting arrangement can create a series of excitement points, so the right design can increase the vitality of the garden environment at night; but coordinating the overall design of the whole park is beneficial to the primary and secondary, highlighting the key points, and making the night view of the garden uniform. The sense of order and its own characteristics are reflected in the plan. If you can combine all kinds of lighting organically, you can minimize unnecessary lamps to save energy and lighting costs. Considering the design of the garden together, it is more able to avoid repeated construction due to poor consideration.

The principle of lighting design should highlight the beautiful buildings, rocks, water features and flowers in the garden, and hide the lack of landscape. The different requirements of the garden have considerable differences in lighting requirements. In order to show the beauty of the various scenes in the garden, the lighting method should vary from scene to scene. The projection lights of buildings, peak stones, sculptures and flowers and trees should be changed according to the needs, so as to show their charms at night; the street lamps on both sides of the road should be uniform and continuous to meet the safety needs. In order to make the small space appear larger, it is possible to illuminate only the necessary areas and place the rest in the shadows; for large outdoor spaces, the opposite is true, which creates a sense of intimacy. Garden lighting should use the dimmer on the light source carefully. Most of the garden lights that use incandescent lamps as the light source will make the light yellow when using the dimmer, and will give the irradiated object a yellow layer. For plants, it will be sick. Lost the original vitality. Color filters are also rarely used because the light projected through them can cause distortion and is especially unreal for plants. The exception is the sky blue filter, which eliminates the yellow tint in incandescent lamps and turns the light into a pleasant blue and white light.

The brightness of the light should be based on the needs of the event and to ensure safety. Too bright or too dark will cause discomfort to visitors. Especially for lighting design, attention should be paid to glare. The term "glare" refers to excessively bright and excessive light that causes people to have a strong discomfort. Hiding the luminaire in the flower and wood can provide the necessary light without causing glare. To determine the lighting range of the light, it is also necessary to consider the position of the luminaire, that is, the height, angle and light distribution of the luminaire. The shadow size and brightness of the lighting should be coordinated with the environment and the atmosphere to facilitate the use of light and shadow to set off the nature and create a certain The scene and the atmosphere. This should be carefully observed during the day and calculated by matching to determine the best landscape lighting effect.

Although the purpose of the luminaire setting is mainly for lighting, so that it can move freely in the dark, the well-arranged and sleek garden lights also have special decorative effects during the day. The choice of lamps, although the lighting effect should be given priority, but its shape is also very important, especially for those decorative lamps can not be too random, nor too ordinary, otherwise it is difficult to receive good results. Appearance should conform to the requirements of use and design intent, emphasizing the artistic nature of the lamps to help enrich the level of space and three-dimensionality. Although ordinary decorative lamps are attractive in some occasions, at night, they are generally uncomfortable due to the occurrence of bright spots, which may result in insufficient brightness to meet the lighting requirements. Therefore, the form and position of the garden lamp should take into account the decorative effect of the daytime on the basis of the lighting needs.

There are also security issues to consider. The position of the garden lights should not be too close to the activities of tourists and vehicles, so as to avoid danger caused by collision damage. If necessary lighting is required in places close to tourists, ground lights and decorative garden lights can be set, but it is not advisable to choose lamps with excessive heat. If there are no more suitable lamps, heat-insulating glass should be installed or other protective measures should be taken. . The position of the lamp should also be convenient for installation and maintenance. In order to ensure safety, the lamp line switch and the lamp post must be installed with safety measures to prevent leakage and lightning strikes, and have certain resistance to wind, water and temperature changes.

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