Shoushan Stone: One or two yellow and two gold

Shoushan Stone is distributed in the "Golden Triangle" zone at the junction of Jin'an District, Lianjiang County, and Luoyuan County in the northern suburbs of Fuzhou City. It is also known as the Chinese traditional "Four Seal Stones" with Zheyan Tianshi, Zhejiang Changhuashi, and Inner Mongolia Balinshi. "The excavation started 1,500 years ago. In October 2002, it was named "China National Stone" by the Chinese Gem and Stone Association.

Shoushan Stone Variety Fuduo Shoushan Village is the origin of Shoushan Stone. It is located in the northeast of Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, and is located north of Fuzhou City. It can be reached on the winding and flat Panshan Highway by more than 30 kilometers.

Shoushan Stone is a rock sub-category of gems and colorful stones. There are about one hundred varieties. According to the traditional practice, the general head of Shoushan Stone can be generally divided into three categories: “pit”, “puddle” and “shankeng”.

Tiankeng Stone is classified by color and can be divided into Tianhuang, Hongtian, Pak Tin, Ashfield, Kuroda and Hanada. Tian Huangshi is Tian Shizhong's most common and most representative stone species. The common feature of Tianhuang is that the stone skin is mostly micro-transparent, the texture is exquisitely carved, and there is a fine and clear radish pattern, especially golden yellow, orange peel yellow is the best, yellow osmanthus, sweet-scented osmanthus yellow, and tung oil yellow is the inferior product of Tian Huangzhong. . Pak Tin Stone refers to the white stone in Tian Shi. The texture is delicate, such as cream, slightly transparent, its color is pure white, and some white with yellow or light blue. Stone skin such as suet jade is generally warm, the more inward layer, the lighter the color, and the radish pattern, red tendons, checkered pattern is more obvious, like blood stored in white silk satin. Stone products with psychic, fine texture, less is better than the quality of Tian Huangshi. Tian Shi Zhonghong is called Hongtian Stone. There are two reasons for being born in Hongtian. One is to generate a natural red color. The other is to artificially calcine the latter. The natural Red Tianshi is called orange red, and it is a rare stone species.

Shoushan Village is located in the southeast of the mountain named Hang Tau Mountain and is the birthplace of Shoushan Stream. There are pit holes and crystal caves along the mountains, and it is a place where puddle stones are produced. Because the hole is next to the stream and the stone is immersed underwater, it is also called "stone in the river." The amount of water in the puddle stone is small, and the quality is extremely good. Therefore, the puddles of stone puddles seen in the market today are mostly old objects that were thousands of years old. Therefore, there is a saying that "a hundred year rare and precious puddles are frozen". Puddle stone is a blend of various frozen stone in Shoushan stone. The main varieties include crystal frozen, yellow frozen, sky blue frozen, fish brain frozen, horns frozen, squid frozen, ring frozen, pit head frozen and pitted pit, etc. More yellow, white, gray, blue all colors.

Shankeng Stone is the bulk of Shoushan Stone, and is the main source of raw materials for high school files Shoushan stone seals and stone carvings. The high mountain system is the general representative of Shankeng Stone. The high-altitude stone psychic is splendid, and there are only a hundred kinds of stone products, and the quality of stone is different. The names are often not standardized, and there are phenomena of color, phase, origin, and name of the founder. The classification of color is red mountain, white mountain, yellow mountain, shrimp back blue and Qiao color mountain. The classification includes high mountains and frozen mountains, frozen mountains, high mountain crystals, dug nature mountains, alpine peach blossoms, alpine horns frozen, alpine brain fish, and alpine fish scales. Named after caves, there are monks caves, Dadong mountains, agate caves, oil white cave mountains, Dajian cave mountains, and so on.

In addition, Yueyang Village is located 8 kilometers southeast of Shoushan Village, and there is a hill called Yueyang Mountain. The surrounding Shoushan Stones are collectively referred to as the Yueyang pediment. There are only a dozen kinds of moonstones produced by the Department of the Moon, and among them, the best Li’s genius is called Furong Stone. Furong Stone is known as one of China’s “Three Seals” (Tianhuang, Hibiscus, and Chicken Blood). Hibiscus Cave is at the peak of the Yueyang Mountain. The stone is extremely moist, creamy and delicate. Although it is not very transparent, then it is elegant. At the same time, Furong Stone is also a large stone in Shoushan Stone. It is divided into red hibiscus, white hibiscus, yellow hibiscus, hibiscus green and saffron hibiscus; there are hole classifications, and the general will be called Furong, Shangdong. Hibiscus and so on.

The excavation and collection of a long history due to Shoushan stone "bright luster, easy to play a knife" characteristics, has long been used as a carving material. In 1965, Fuzhou archaeologists unearthed two Shoushan stone bristle in a tomb of the Southern Dynasties in the Wufeng Mountain in the northern suburbs of the city. This shows that the Shoushan Stone had been used as a carving material at least in the Southern Dynasties more than 1,500 years ago. In the Yuan Dynasty, the seal carving family used pyrophyllite as a printing material, making Shoushan's famous stone crown “The Three Sealed Stones” and the cultural elegance. In addition, the Ming and Qing emperors will be favored by the king, thus forming a unique history of folk art and crafts in Shoushan stone carving art from budding to development, and Shoushan stone carving has become the favorite of the emperors and the people of Limin. Cultural and artistic treasures.

In addition to the Shoushan stone handicrafts that can be processed into the priceless Shoushan stone, Shoushan Ishihara stone has its own texture, texture, color, and derived culture. For example, Tian Huangshi from Shoushan Stone, because of the value of “Easy Gold Tenfold”, a collection of Tian Huangshi is a “safety box” of assets, and can also be regarded as a symbol of the amount of property. Therefore, from ancient times to the present, there have been many examples of “Thousands of Gold Buying Fields” or “Wanjin Buying Fields”, but more collections are for the appreciation of art.

The collection of Shoushan Ishihara had already begun before the early Ming Dynasty. For the Ming Hongwu period, Shoushan Village “Shoushan Guang Ying Yuan” built in Tang Guangqi for three years was burned to the fire. After the fire, there were many Shoushan Stones on the site of “Guang Ying Yuan” and later it was called “Siping Stone”. However, the original stone of "Shoushan Stone" may not be appreciated for art, but is used to make appliances after carving. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Cao Xueyu discovered and began to collect Tian Huangshi. By the Qing Dynasty, the “Shoushan Stone Hot” was in full swing throughout the country. So, while collecting the Shoushan Stone Carvings, it also set off an upsurge of collecting Shoushan Stone Rocks. Modern Shoushan Stone collectors still have many favorites in the collection of original stone. The Chinese painter Qi Baishi has a story of “hundred stone rich man”. He has collected a thousand high-quality Shoushan Furong Stones and was dubbed the “Kingshi Prince”.

Exquisite Shoushan stone seals and handicrafts Shoushan Stone is widely used to produce thousands of different seals. There are four-party seals, vertical seals, flat square seals, first chapter seals, elliptical seals (“duck egg seals”), round caps and accompanying seals (natural Chapters or chapters of nature), among which the four chapters are the most common and widely used. Shoushan Stone has a large number of buttons and is highly skilled and well-known both at home and abroad. It can be roughly divided into seven categories: ancient mammals, animals, armpit hair, fish and insects, figures, flowers and fruits, and ancient patterns. In addition, there are bell ornaments, ancient coins, tile, buckets, Shou characters, pavilions and other ornaments. There are four kinds of ink platforms: platform, bucket bucket, altar, and natural table. The platform Shoushan stone seal is also carved and not carved. "Edge-cutting" is to apply undercuts or embossed ornaments around the stage, such as dragons, dragons, phoenixes, birds, animal prints, moires, etc., to imitate patterns on ancient bronzes. The printed surface is generally not decorated. However, in modern times, some people also added inscriptions, reliefs, or engraved patterns and texts (commonly known as "thorns").

In addition, Shoushan Stone is also widely used to sculpt characters, animals, flowers and birds, landscapes, stationery, utensils and many other artworks. This kind of Shoushan stone for artistic sculpture is mainly produced in Shoushan, Dongbei, Hutan, Shibitou and other mineral deposits. Its mineral composition is mainly dikasite and kaolinite, followed by pyrophyllite. The Shoushan Stone carved and crafted has a very high appreciation and collection value.

How to conserve Shoushan Stone Although Shoushan Stone is natural and beautiful, under natural conditions, the stone shape does not change, and the stone color does not change lightly. However, from the depths of the dark ground to the sunny world, it is necessary to protect its natural beauty and eternal life. It involves the topic of raising stone and protecting stone.

Shoushan Stone is a pyrophyllite, texture moisture, shiny, low hardness. When some varieties are being mined, they will be damaged due to explosion and vibration, and the structures will be damaged. If they are not properly maintained, they will be dry and fragile after a long time. Therefore, since ancient times, there has been a trend of raising oil with stones. Although the conservation of Shoushan Stone is simple and convenient, and it is easy to operate, it is not without fear. Therefore, it is not free to dispose of it. At the same time, different stone species have different characteristics. Therefore, conservation must also vary from stone to stone.

First of all, we must keep moist and avoid high temperatures. Shoushan Stone most avoid drying, high temperature, the key to conservation should pay attention to keep moist. Regardless of the original stone or sculpture, it should avoid the sun exposure and high temperature environment. The newly-mined ore cannot be kept in the mountains or outdoors for a long time. It should be hidden in the cellar or in a damp place in time. It is often sprinkled with cold water to keep it moist. Next, open the water mill. Beware of cracking, with water saws and wet grinding as the top, if you have to grind on the grinding wheel, you should prepare a basin of clear water. When the stone friction and heat, timely cooling with cold water. Third, the original stone is put in wooden boxes. After peeling, decontamination, and cleaning of impurities, the blanks shall be separated into varieties, grades and blocks, and placed in wooden trays. If the block is large and the stone is thick, simply store the wooden box in a damp place. In the case of high-grade stone, where the lumps are small, it is best to immerse them in porcelain pots filled with vegetable oil. If the block size is large, in order to save oil, the oil can be coated with transparent paper and put in a damp place. Fourth, engraving finished products, dust cleaning. The Shoushan stone carving products that have been carved and processed are suitable for display indoors. When the stone surface is contaminated by dust and dirt, it can be restored by gently wiping it with a soft silk cloth. In addition, due to the low hardness of Shoushan Stone, avoid scraping with metal sheets or other hard objects.